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Determination
''This article is about the state of mind. For the concept in cellular differentiation, see Cell fate determination''
Determination is a positive emotion that involves persevering towards a difficult goal in spite of obstacles.〔Kirby,L.D.,Morrow, J., & Yih, J. (2014). The challenge of challenge: Pursuing determination as an emotion. In M. M. Tugade, M. N. Shiota, & L. D. Kirby (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Emotions. New York: Guilford Publications, Inc.〕〔Smith, C. A. (1991). The self, appraisal, and coping. In C. R. Snyder & D. R. Forsyth (Eds.), Handbook of Social and Clinical Psychology: The Health Perspective. New York: Pergamon Press.〕 Determination occurs prior to goal attainment and serves to motivate behavior that will help achieve one’s goal. Empirical research suggests that people consider determination to be an emotion; in other words, determination is not just a cognitive state, but rather an affective state.〔Clore, G. L., Ortony, A., & Foss, M. A. (1987). The psychological foundations of the affective lexicon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(4), 751-766.〕 In the psychology literature, researchers have studied determination under other terms, including challenge and anticipatory enthusiasm; this may explain one reason for the relative lack of research on determination compared to other positive emotions.〔〔Griskevicius, V., Shiota, M. N., & Neufeld, S. L. (2010a). Influence of different positive emotions on persuasion processing: A functional evolutionary approach. Emotion, 10(2), 190-206.〕
In the field of psychology, emotion research is heavily focused on negative emotions and the action tendencies that they encourage.〔Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2, 2, 300-319.〕 However, recent work in positive psychology incorporates the study of determination as a positive emotion that pushes individuals toward action and results in important outcomes such as perseverance and the development of coping mechanisms.〔Smith, C.A. & Kirby, L.D. (2009). Relational antecedents of appraisal: Problem-focused coping potential and its associated emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 23, 481-503.〕
==Major theories==
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